Should active injecting drug users receive treatment for chronic hepatitis C?

CONTEXT Accumulating data propose that active injecting drug users might not differ from the general population in terms of sustained virological response when adherent to therapy for chronic hepatitis C. However, current guidelines contain restrictive recommendations for therapy in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we evaluated a cohort of chronic hepatitis C patients regarding the potent influence of active drug using on initial informed consent, compliance and sustained virological response to treatment. METHOD For that purpose, 162 consecutive patients (of which 62 active injecting drug users), who had been evaluated during the last 6 years in our center for chronic hepatitis C and proposed to receive treatment with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin, were enrolled. Initial informed consent, compliance, and sustained virological response as well as data regarding age, gender, body mass index, genotype, viral load, coinfection with HBV/HDV/HIV, administered interferon alpha (2a or 2b), liver function tests, liver histology, urban residence, ethnicity, and concomitant use of alcohol were collected and analyzed in respect with injecting drug using. RESULTS Injecting drug using was positively correlated with male gender (P<0.001), young age (P<0.001), native origin (P = 0.043), and concomitant use of alcohol (P<0.001). Comparable initial informed consent (P = 0.836), compliance (P = 0.879), and sustained virological response (P = 0.132) were observed between injecting drug users and non- injecting drug users. The results were confirmed using a multiple regression model. CONCLUSION Our data further support that active injecting drug users do not constitute a distinct chronic hepatitis C patient group in terms of initial informed consent, compliance, or sustained virological response. Therefore, injecting drug using should not be a major determinant influencing the decision for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in eligible patients.